Mints & Coinage

  1. icon_mint Dealing with Mints
    1. icon_royal_mint Opening a Mint
    2. icon_royal_mint_disabled Enabling a Mint
    3. icon_royal_mint_revoked Revoking a Mint
    4. icon_grant_rights Granting & Revoking Minting Rights
  2. icon-coin Issuing a Coin
    1. coin-type Coin Types
    2. coin-design Coin Designs
    3. pdx-type_stewardship Coin Issuance Events
    4. province_modifier_gold_solidus_positive Coin Effects
      1. General Effects
      2. icon-coin-good-effect Famed Coins
      3. coin_silver_bracteate_knight Bracteates
    5. trade_bad Depreciation
      1. coin_purity_4 Coin Purity and Coin Slots
      2. money Annual Updates
    6.  Coin Decisions
      1. icon-coin-bad-effect Debasing a Coin
      2. banned_foreign_coins Banning Foreign Coins

CK3 game images used in this article are hyperlinks to navigate through the Crusader Kings III Wiki for appropriate explanations of game concepts.

icon_mint 1. Dealing with Mints

icon_royal_mint 1.1. Opening a Mint

The button_set_royal_mintOpen a Mint holding interaction can be taken by anyone who (all of these):

  1. Is landed, either as:
    • An Independent Ruler.
    • A Vassal withpdx-LawCoinage Rights* granted.
  2. Is Available for Coinage.

* The Coinage Rights feudal contract is unlocked with the Early Medieval Civic Innovation  pdx-Innovation_nobility_01 Coinage.

The Recipient (holder of barony, or holder of county if holding is leased) must be:

  • The same ruler who opens the mint, or any vassal or below.
  • Not of pdx-tribal_governmentTribal government.
  • Not pdx-Declare_war_interaction at war.
  • Not pdx-Punishment imprisoned.

Thepdx-BaronyTarget Barony must have a holding that:

  • Is not a pdx-Holding_tribal Tribal holding.
  • Has no province_modifier_outdoors_negative Recently Looted or province_modifier_burnt_down Burnt Down modifier.
  • Is not being pdx-onmap-raid-icon raided.
  • County has not the modifiers province_modifier_outdoors_negative Recently Sacked or province_modifier_enslavement_negative Recently Enslaved (unless balanced by the modifier province_modifier_martial_positive Rebuilding after Sacking).
  • County has not the modifiers  province_modifier_pillage Pillage, province_modifier_slave_revolt Slave revolt, province_modifier_disease_negative Disease, province_modifier_counterfeit_1 Dies Robbed, or  province_modifier_counterfeit_2 Dies Counterfeited.
  • Holder of the county completely controls it (the county is not occupied by another ruler).

A recently open mint will receive a province_modifier_granted_mint Granted Mint positive modifier.

icon_royal_mint_disabled 1.2. Enabling a Mint

The pdx-plusEnable Mint holding interaction will be available for icon_royal_mint_disabled Disabled Mints if the ruler could take the button_set_royal_mintOpen Mint holding interaction for the same recipient and target barony. The enabled mint will not receive the province_modifier_granted_mint Granted Mint positive modifier.

pdx-onmap-raid-icon 1.2.1. After Raids

After acoin_dies Mint Raid Event, there is a chance that the Mint will be icon_royal_mint_disabled Disabled (burnt down and its activity brought to a halt):

  • Base chance: +15%
  • pdx-Trait_sadistic Sadistic Trait: +5%
  • pdx-Trait_wrathfulWrathful Trait: +5%
  • Multiplied by 1 0.50.330.250.2, depending on Liege’s mintmaster Mintmaster’s aptitude (1 – 2 – 3 – 4 – 5).

However, a icon_production_mint Mint Factory (currently only present in Constantinople) has 0 chance of getting disabled.

pdx-Titles 1.2.2. After Title Transfers

When titles change hands there might be an effect on any icon_royal_mint Open Mint transferred.

A) A holding will see its icon_royal_mint_disabled Mint Disabled, and icon_revoke_rightsRevoked Minting Rights, when a ruler of a Different Government takes over the affected title or any title above it, and it belongs to a pdx-realm-capitalCapital County of a previous holder. In particular, if:

  • Apdx-tribal_government Tribal government replaces any other government (in case title transfer didn’t take care of it)
  • Apdx-_default Feudal government replaces a pdx-clan_government Clan government.
  • Apdx-clan_government Clan government replaces a pdx-_defaultFeudal government.
  • A ruler of a pdx-Faith different Religion (orpdx-Religion_catholicismCatholic vs. pdx-Religion_orthodoxOrthodox vs. pdx-Religion_christianity_lollardOther Christian) replaces any other pdx-theocracy_governmentfeudal_government (non-Clan, non-Feudal) government.

However, it might remain an icon_royal_mint Open Mint if:

  1. The pdx-CountyCounty Holder does not change (a Vassal is changing liege with a different government).
  2. The Mint is in the Realm_capital-provinceCapital Province of the pdx-CountyCounty Holder.
    • There were icon_grant_rightsMinting Rights in place (a timeless promise to the vassal or settlement won’t be automatically broken).
      • The pre-existingicon_grant_rights Minting Rights will be replaced by grantedpdx-LawCoinage Rights, if:
        • The pdx-CountyCounty Holder has apdx-_default Feudal or pdx-republic_government-wreath-green Republic government and can receive pdx-LawCoinage Rights.
        • The New Title Holder also has apdx-_default Feudal or pdx-republic_government-wreath-green Republic government with ability to give pdx-LawCoinage Rights.
    • The pdx-CountyCounty Holder has a icon-coin Coin in circulation, and the previous holder had apdx-_default Feudal government (easy check for pre-existing pdx-LawCoinage Rights).
      • The pre-existingpdx-LawCoinage Rights will be replaced by grantedicon_grant_rightsMinting Rights.

B) Even if the new holder has the same or equivalent government, mints can be affected by the pdx-Titles title transfer type and by the strength of the pdx-Claim_pressedClaim:

  • If the transfer was due to Conquest or Faction Demand:
    • A icon_production_mint Mint Factory will not be affected.
    • Other Mints will be icon_royal_mint_disabled Disabled.
  • If the title was lost to a Holy War or a Populist Conquest:
    • A icon_production_mint Mint Factory will be icon_royal_mint_disabled Disabled.
    • Other Mints will be icon_royal_mint_revoked Revoked for 15 years.

A coinless ruler replacing a ruler with a icon-coin Coin in circulation will receive a trait no_coinage_kingNo Coinage, with maluses depending on their Tier, on the Coin icon_gold_ingots_smallMetal and coin-type Type, and whether or not they have banned_foreign_coins Banned Foreign Coins. pdx-County Counties within the coinless ruler’s pdx-My_realm Realm will receive a province_modifier_barter_negative Barter modifier, which worse in pdx-Modifier_stewardship_negativepdx-Modifier_county_development_negativepenalties than the usual province_modifier_no_coin_negative No Standard Coinage modifier.

icon_royal_mint_revoked 1.3. Revoking a Mint

The pdx-minusRevoke Mint holding interaction will be available with the same conditions as the button_set_royal_mintOpen Mint Interaction, and also:

  1. Actor must have at least pdx-crown_authority_1Limited Crown Authority orpdx-tribal_authority_1Limited Tribal Authority.
  2. Recipient or any Liege or above (all of these):
    1. Must not have granted pdx-LawCoinage Rights.
    2. Must not have a pdx-Hook_strong strong hook against the actor.
  3. pdx-BaronyTarget Barony cannot have grantedicon_grant_rightsMinting Rights (in that case, the actor must first pdx-minusRevoke Minting Rights).

icon_royal_mint_revoked Revoked Mints cannot be recovered, and the holding will not have the  button_set_royal_mintOpen Mint holding interaction while the province_modifier_revoked_mint negative modifier remains in place (usually 20 years) or for the whole time the mint stays revoked (15 years in the case of forced revocations), whichever is longer.

icon_grant_rights1.4. Granting & Revoking Minting Rights

The button_grant_rightsGrant Minting Rights holding interaction is available (all of these).

  1. Ruler must be able to take the button_set_royal_mintOpen Mint holding interaction for the selected recipient and target barony.
  2. Recipient must not have a pdx-tribal_government Tribal government.
    • Further requirements for rulers with primary title e_byzantium Basileia Rhōmaiōn, or withpdx-clan_government Clan Government:
      1. Recipient’s highest held title tier must be pdx-County County or higher.
      2. Recipient must be a pdx-powerful_vassalPowerful Vassal.
      3. Further requirements for rulers with pdx-clan_government Clan Government (one of these):
        • Recipient with pdx-clan_governmentClan, pdx-theocracy_governmentTheocracy, or Holy Order government.
        • Recipient with pdx-_defaultFeudal or feudal_government Republic government with no modifiable pdx-Lawvassal contract, or culture without Early Medieval Civic Innovation  pdx-Innovation_nobility_01 Coinage.
  3. pdx-BaronyTarget Barony must not haveicon_revoke_rightsRevoked Minting Rights.

The pdx-minusRevoke Minting Rights holding interaction is available for those who can take the pdx-minusRevoke Mint holding interaction, for Target Baronies with grantedicon_grant_rightsMinting Rights.

icon-coin 2. Issuing a coin

To be able to take the Decision icon-coin Issue a Coin, a ruler needs to fulfill these conditions (if one of these fails, the decision will not appear):

  1. Not have a pdx-tribal_government Tribal government.
  2. Have at least 1 icon_royal_mint Open Mint in their pdx-My_realmRealm (whether in their pdx-Domain Domain, or in the domain of vassals or below).
  3. If they are not an independent ruler, at least one of these:
    • Haspdx-LawCoinage Rights granted.
    • Has at least 1 Open Mint in their realm with granted icon_grant_rightsMinting Rights, and Liege = Top Liege, fulfilling at least one of these:
      • Has pdx-clan_governmentClan or pdx-theocracy_governmentTheocracy government (these don’t have appropriate coinage contracts).
      • Liege has pdx-clan_governmentClan,pdx-tribal_government Tribal orpdx-theocracy_government Theocracy government (these don’t have appropriate coinage contracts).
      • Liege haspdx-_default Feudal government, and at least one of these:
        • Liege does not have the Early Medieval Civic Innovation  pdx-Innovation_nobility_01 Coinage (doesn’t yet have appropriate contracts).
        • Liege has as primary title the e_byzantium Basileia Rhōmaiōn (Byzantine Empire).
        • Highest held title is a pdx-Barony barony (e.g. city mayors, priests, holy orders).

Further, a ruler needs to fulfill these conditions (hovering over the grayed out decision should show a tooltip with the ones that failed):

  1. Be Available for Coinage (all of these):
    1. Adult.
    2. Not pdx-Punishment imprisoned.
    3. Not pdx-onmap_army_icon in an army.
    4. Not in any pdx-activity_feast activity.
    5. Not busy in pdx-_frame_learning events.
    6. Does not have the trait pdx-Trait_incapable Incapable.
    7. Be diplomatically available.
  2. Have a Level of Fame at least equal to pdx-Icon_prestige_01 Established (cannot be pdx-Icon_prestige_00 Disgraced)

The base cost of coinage is pdx-Icon_prestige_01 Minor Prestige value (≈75).

coin-type 2.1. Coin Types

There are two standard coin sizes—Large and Small—and three precious metals— icon_gold_ingots_smallGold, icon_silver_ingot_smallSilver, icon_copper_smallCopper—used in medieval coinage. Both aspects determine base values of the pdx-Commander_trait Trait modifiers, and of Province and County positive_modifier positive and negative_modifier negative modifiers, with a simple rule of thumb: large > small, and gold>silver>copper.

The coin_purity_4 Coin Purity level defines the actual values of the modifiers, whereas  coin-design Coin Design determines the specific modifiers set by the coins.

For historical reasons, the following rulers can issue any coin type since game start:

  • Has the title e_byzantium Basileia Rhōmaiōn (Byzantine Empire).
  • pdx-Faith Has one of these Religions:
    • pdx-Religion_sunniIslam (started early imitating Byzantine and Sasanian coin types).
    • pdx-Religion_kabarismJudaism (Khabars made imitations of large silver coins, Jewish communities are in contact with each other and the Islamic and Byzantine worlds).
    • pdx-Religion_zoroastrianZoroastrianism (know Sasanian and Indo-Sasanian coins).
    • pdx-Religion_shaivismHinduism (Indo-Sasanian coins).
    • pdx-Religion_lamaism_buddhismBuddhism (Indo-Sasanian coins).
    • pdx-Religion_jainismJainism (Indo-Sasanian coins).

Other rulers must meet certain conditions, depending on coin type:

  • coin_gold_solidus_emperor_orthodox_4 Large Gold Coin (one of these):
    • Year 1250 or later &Realm_capital-provinceCapital Province belongs to pdx-Titles World Europe West or pdx-Titles World Europe South Italy regions (coin_gold_solidus_florin_4Florin standard and imitations, like Venice’s coin_gold_solidus_ducat_4 Ducat).
    • Has Late Medieval Civic Innovation  pdx-Innovation_majesty_01 Promissory Notes.
    • Realm_capital-provinceCapital Province has at least icon_gold_coins 16 free Coin Slots (= 8 coin_purity_4 purity + 4 icon-coin-good-effect-star fame + 4 extra).
  • coin_gold_denarius_emperor_islam_abbasid_4 Small Gold Coin (one of these):
    • Year 1000 or later &Realm_capital-provinceCapital Province belongs to pdx-Titles World Europe West Iberia (coin_gold_denarius_mixed_culture_christianity_islam_4 Morabetí-Masmudina) or pdx-Titles Trade Europe South Southern Italy regions – corresponds roughly to Kingdom of Sicily (coin_gold_denarius_mixed_faith_christianity_islam_4Ruba’i – Tarì).
    • Has reached the pdx-culture_era_high_medieval High Medieval Cultural Era.
    • Realm_capital-provinceCapital Province has at least icon_gold_coins 8 free Coin Slots (= 4 coin_purity_4 purity + 2 icon-coin-good-effect-star fame + 2 extra).
  • coin_silver_solidus_emperor_son_orthodox_4 Large Silver Coin (one of these):
    • Year 1180 or later &Realm_capital-provinceCapital Province belongs to pdx-Titles Trade Europe South Northern Italy regions – corresponds roughly to Kingdoms of Italy and Romagna (Venice’s coin_silver_solidus_grosso_4 Grosso & early imitations like the coin_silver_solidus_city_tours_4 Gros Tournois).
    • Has reached the pdx-culture_era_late_medieval Late Medieval Cultural Era.
    • Realm_capital-provinceCapital Province has at least icon_silver_coins 16 free Coin Slots (= 8 coin_purity_4 purity + 4 icon-coin-good-effect-starfame + 4 extra).
  • coin_silver_denarius_emperor_catholic_hre_4 Small Silver Coin. There are no specific requirements, because it is considered the base coin.
  • coin_copper_solidus_faith_orthodox_4 Large Copper Coin:
    • Has reached the pdx-culture_era_late_medieval Late Medieval Cultural Era.
    • Realm_capital-provinceCapital Province has at least icon_copper_coins 16 free Coin Slots (= 8 coin_purity_4 purity + 4 icon-coin-good-effect-star fame + 4 extra).
  • coin_copper_denarius_king_islam_4 Small Copper Coin (one of these):
    • Has religion pdx-Religion_quanzhenTaoism (coin_copper_denarius_kaiyuan_tongbau_4cash coins).
    • Has reached the pdx-culture_era_high_medieval High Medieval Cultural Era.
    • Realm_capital-provinceCapital Province has at least icon_copper_coins 8 free Coin Slots (= 4 coin_purity_4 purity + 2 icon-coin-good-effect-star fame + 2 extra).
  • coin_silver_bracteate_knight Silver Bracteate (all of these):
    1. pdx-CultureAppropriate innovation (one of these):
      • Year 1030 or later (when Bracteates were first struck in Central Europe).
      • pdx-culture_era_high_medieval High Medieval Cultural Era.
    2. Realm_capital-provinceCapital Province with an appropriate trade-region Trade Region or pdx-Titles Region (one of these):
      • trade-region Germania (but not pdx-Kingdom Frisia).
      • trade-region Scandinavia.
      • trade-region Baltic, trade-region Poland,  trade-regionHungary.
      • pdx-Titles Britannia (but not pdx-Kingdom England, pdx-Kingdom Wales, norpdx-Kingdom Cornwall).
      • pdx-CultureAppropriate Culture when in pdx-Titles Britannia,  pdx-Titles Germania, pdx-Titles Northern Europe,  or pdx-Titles Eastern Europe:
        • pdx-city-westernCentral Germanic heritage (but neither Frisian nor Dutch).
        • pdx-city-westernNorth Germanic heritage (but not Norse).
        • pdx-city-westernWest Slavic heritage.
        • pdx-city-westernHungarian culture.
        • pdx-city-westernGoidelic heritage.

coin-design 2.2. Coin Designs

Design is the most relevant aspect for the Promotion purpose of a coin, defining the specific modifiers given by the pdx-Commander_trait Trait that the Issuing Ruler will receive, and by the positive_modifier positive and negative_modifier negative Province and County modifiers associated with the coin.

Please Note: the graphics displayed for each coin design depend on Religion_valentinianismFaith, pdx-Faith Religion,pdx-Culture Culture, and/or pdx-Titles Region, with some special coin graphics depending on  Dynasty or Title (like the coin_silver_denarius_emperor_catholic_hre_4Karling’s Denier, also used by the hre HRE) and/or on Innovation or Year (Florence’s coin_gold_solidus_florin_4Florin, Venice’s coin_silver_solidus_grosso_4 Grosso & coin_gold_solidus_ducat_4 Ducat).

These are the available coin-design Coin Designs during the pdx-type_stewardship Coin Issuance Events, with their modifiers* and their requirements:

*The base values of these bonuses or maluses are associated with the specific coin-type Coin Type struck, and their actual values are linked to their coin_purity_4 Coin Purity level.

  • coin_gold_solidus_king_4coin_silver_denarius_king_4Ruler* coins put the emphasis on the ruler’s pdx-Modifier_prestige_positive prestige and pdx-Modifier_stewardship_positive income (their graphics and actual Trait modifier depend on Tier):
    • pdx-County County tier or greater.
  • coin_gold_solidus_emperor_4 coin_silver_denarius_emperor_4Ruler’s Son coins promote an heir, who will receive a complementary  son_coin_gold_solidus_emperor_4 son_coin_silver_denarius_emperor_4Son of Ruler‘s coin trait, sharing with them pdx-Modifier_diplomacy_positivediplomacy and pdx-Modifier_social_positive opinion benefits.
    • pdx-Empire Empire tier.
    • pdx-Heir Player Heir and Primary Heir exist and are the same.
    • Appropriate  pdx-Faith Religion (one of these):
      • pdx-Religion_sunniIslam religion.
      • “Eastern” Christianity (one of these):
        • pdx-Religion_orthodoxOrthodox.
        • pdx-Religion_christianity_iconoclasmIconoclast.
        • pdx-Religion_nestorianNestorian.
        • pdx-Religion_christianity_messalianMessalian.
        • pdx-Religion_copticCoptic.
  • coin_gold_solidus_city_4 coin_silver_denarius_city_4City coins are focused on  pdx-Modifier_stewardship_positive taxes.pdx-BaronyBaronies with icon_mintIssuing Mints will receive a huge boost with its positive_modifier province modifier.
    • pdx-County County tier or lesser.
  • coin_gold_solidus_faith_4 coin_silver_denarius_faith_4Religious:  coins coin improve pdx-Modifier_piety_positive piety and the pdx-Modifier_social_positive opinion of coreligionists.
  • coin_gold_solidus_faith_4 coin_silver_denarius_faith_4Holy War coins have even better benefits than Religious coins among coreligionists, especially among rulers of pdx-theocracy_government Theocratic and Holy Order governments (including pdx-Modifier_piety_positivehire costs), but they will result in increased pdx-Modifier_social_negativeopinion malus among characters and counties of a different pdx-Faith religion.
    • The requirements are based on Religion_valentinianismFaith, and are the same as those to declare Great Holy Wars.
  • coin_gold_solidus_religion_4 coin_silver_denarius_religion_4Proselyte coins will improve pdx-Modifier_social_positive opinion of characters and counties of a different pdx-Faith religion and different pdx-Cultureculture, but they will negatively affect pdx-Modifier_social_negative opinion and pdx-Modifier_economy_negative costs among those of the same culture.
    • Must not have a pdx-theocracy_governmentTheocracy or Holy Order government.
    • Same Religion_valentinianismFaith requirements as the Holy War coin.
    • Any pdx-My_realm Neighboring Realm’s top liege must be of a different pdx-Faith Religion.
  • coin_gold_solidus_religion_4 coin_silver_denarius_religion_4Tolerance coins are more diplomatic in their approach to integrate or attract peoples of a differentpdx-Cultureculture, with less bonus but also less (and less varied) malus than Proselyte coins.
    • Must not have a pdx-theocracy_governmentTheocracy or Holy Order government.
    • Same Religion_valentinianismFaith requirements as the Holy War coin.
    • The pdx-My_realm Neighboring Realm’s top liege must be of a different pdx-Faith Religion and different pdx-CultureCultural Heritage.
  • coin_gold_solidus_liege_4 coin_silver_denarius_liege_4Liege coins imitate the Regional or Inter-Regional standard of the liege or above. This copied design improves the chance of a successful issuance, and focuses on pdx-Modifier_stewardship_positive income and forfeiting  pdx-Modifier_prestige_positive prestige and respect of other rulers.
    • Must not have a pdx-theocracy_governmentTheocracy or Holy Order government.
    • A Liege or above must have a icon-coin-good-effect Famed coin.
  • coin_gold_solidus_vassal_4 coin_silver_denarius_vassal_4Vassal coins imitate the Regional or Inter-Regional standard of a vassal or below. This copied design improves the chance of a successful issuance, and focuses on pdx-Modifier_stewardship_positive income and forfeiting  pdx-Modifier_prestige_positive prestige and pdx-Modifier_social_positive respect of other rulers.
    • Must not have a pdx-theocracy_governmentTheocracy or Holy Order government.
    • pdx-County County tier or greater.
    • A Vassal or below must have a icon-coin-good-effect Famed coin (this is assumed to always happen for the Abbey of Tours, see below under special cases).
  • coin_gold_solidus_imitation_4 coin_silver_denarius_imitation_4Imitation coins imitate an Inter-Regional standard of the same  pdx-Faith Religion, not necessarily current at the moment of issuance, focusing even more on pdx-Modifier_stewardship_positive income and forfeiting  pdx-Modifier_prestige_positive prestige and pdx-Modifier_social_positive respect of other rulers. If Issuance ends in icon-coin-good-effect Famed coin, this will remove current negative negative_modifier Foreign Famed Coin modifiers in the pdx-My_realm Realm.
    • Must not have a pdx-theocracy_governmentTheocracy or Holy Order government.
  • coin_gold_solidus_imitation_4 coin_silver_denarius_imitation_4Infidel coins imitate an Inter-Regional Standard of a different pdx-Faith Religion, not necessarily current at the moment of issuance. It has an absolute focus on pdx-Modifier_stewardship_positive income, forfeitingpdx-Modifier_piety_positive piety,  pdx-Modifier_prestige_positive prestige, and the pdx-Modifier_social_positive opinion of other rulers and coreligionists. If Issuance ends in icon-coin-good-effect Famed coin, this will remove All current negative negative_modifiernegative_modifier_star Foreign Famed Coin modifiers in the pdx-My_realm Realm.
    • Must not have a pdx-theocracy_governmentTheocracy or Holy Order government.

*Designs of the coin_gold_solidus_king_4coin_silver_denarius_king_4Ruler type have some special behavior on Title Transfers:

  • tier_upAn Issuer upgrading their Tier after a title transfer will receive a lower_tier_gold_solidus_2 Trait with modifiers depending on the number of Tiers of difference between their current one and the coin’s, and also on the Coin icon_gold_ingots_smallMetal and coin-type Type.
  • tier_downAn Issuer downgrading their Tier will have to choose between a coin_gold_solidus_liege_4 coin_silver_denarius_liege_4Liege (or coin_gold_solidus_imitation_4 coin_silver_denarius_imitation_4Imitation) design, or showing the appropriate, downgraded Tier.
  • pdx-Heir A ruler inheriting a primary title of an Issuer after Death or Abdication will inherit their Coin with an additional Malus Trait, depending on Coin icon_gold_ingots_smallMetal and coin-type Type:
    • inherited_heir_gold_solidus Heir coin, if primary heir of the original Issuer.
    • inherited_dynast_gold_solidus Dynast coin, if member of the original Issuer’s Dynasty.
    • inherited_nondynast_gold_solidus Non-dynast coin in all other cases.

pdx-type_stewardship 2.3. Coin Issuance Events

The Decision Issue Coin triggers a partially randomized series of events whose final outcome will determine the coin_purity_4 Coin Purity level, which in turn defines the actual values of the modifiers set by the coin-design Coin Design, and the base values set by the coin-typeCoin Type.

Each pdx-type_stewardship Coin Issuance Event might include one or both of the following:

  1. A change in the expected coin_purity_4 Coin Purity level, shown in pdx-Commander_trait Coin Issuance Trait changes.
  2. A change in the chance of a pdx-generic_good_effect Successful Issuance, which allows the coin to become a icon-coin-good-effect Regional or icon-coin-good-effect-star Inter-Regional standard – if and only if it is a coin_purity_4 Fine Coin*.

*In the rare event that the Coin Issuance ends up with a coin_purity_3 Regular or lesser purity level but with a Successful coinage, this won’t have any effect.

The chance of pdx-generic_good_effect Success improves as follows:

  1. mintmaster Selecting a Moneyer (base value):
    • Dedicated Moneyer, depends on mintmaster Mintmaster trait rank (0-1-2-3): +60%+65%70%75%
    • Your Steward, depends on mintmaster Mintmaster trait rank (0-1-2-3): +40%+45%50%55%
    • Servant, depends on pdx-StewardshipStewardship skill rating (low vs. high): +10% vs. +20%
  2. pdx-Administrative_court_1Relevant Court Positions (hidden event – increased base value):
    1. Master of the Mint (depending on aptitude 1-2-3-4-5): +10%15%20%25%30%
    2. Warden of the Mint (depending on aptitude 1-2-3-4-5): +5%+10%15%20%25%
  3. coin-typeSelecting a Coin Type:
    • coin_gold_solidus_liege_4coin_silver_denarius_liege_4Liege: +20%
    • coin_gold_solidus_liege_4coin_silver_denarius_liege_4Vassal: +30%
  4. Vassals and their finest metal:
    • pdx-county_modifier_opinion_positive Not contributing: -20%
    • pdx-county_modifier_opinion_negative Contributing: +10%
  5. mintmaster Moneyer retreat:
    • pdx-Icon_goldRetreat: +20%
    • pdx-Modifier_social_negativeNo Retreat: -20%
  6. coin-design Engraver. -10% if failed, +20% if successful:
    • pdx-Icon_goldExpert engraver: guaranteed success.
    • mintmaster Moneyer: 50:50 + pdx-Learning Learning Challenge.
    • Other (pdx-steward_job Steward): 50:50 (= random).
    • Ruler: 33:66 + pdx-Learning Learning Challenge.
  7. pdx-Modifier_economy_negativeMoneyer wants to sign the coin:
    1. pdx-Modifier_economy_negative Letting them sign: increased chance of survival during moneyannual updates.
      1. pdx-Modifier_economy_negative Letting them sign as “Foreigner” moneyer (different Religion_valentinianismFaith + different pdx-CultureCulture): greater increase of survival during moneyannual updates.
    2. pdx-Modifier_social_negative Not letting them sign: no effect.

Special Coins have a better chance of pdx-generic_good_effect Success, provided their requirements are met (one of them):

  • Florence’s Florin (coin_gold_solidus_florin_4 Ruler & coin_gold_solidus_florin_religion_4 Religious): +30%
    • Primary titlepdx-County Firenze.
    • Primary titlepdx-DuchyToscana.
    • Primary titlepdx-Kingdom Pisa (and holds pdx-CountyFirenze or pdx-DuchyToscana).
  • Venice’s Ducat (coin_gold_solidus_ducat_4 Ruler and coin_gold_solidus_ducat_religion_4 Religious): +20%
    • Primary titlepdx-Duchy Venice.
    • Primary titlepdx-Kingdom Venice.
  • Venice’s Grosso (coin_silver_solidus_grosso_4 Ruler & coin_silver_solidus_grosso_religion_4Religious): +30%
    • Primary titlepdx-Duchy Venice.
    • Primary titlepdx-Kingdom Venice.
  • France’s Gros Tournois (coin_silver_solidus_city_tours_4 Ruler): +20%
    • Primary titlepdx-Kingdom France.
    • Primary titlepdx-Empire France.
  • England’s Penny (coin_silver_denarius_king_north_4coin_silver_denarius_emperor_north_4Ruler & coin_silver_denarius_religion_north_4Religious): +25%
    • Primary titlepdx-Kingdom England.
    • Primary titlepdx-Empire Britannia.
  • Denier Tournois (coin_silver_denarius_city_tours_4City/Ruler/Vassal): +10%  (only after the year 1100*)
    • Primary titlepdx-BaronyTours (City coin).
    • Primary titlepdx-CountyTourraine (Ruler coin).
    • Primary title pdx-Duchy Berry (Vassal coin).
    • Primary titlepdx-Kingdom France (Vassal coin).
    • Primary titlepdx-Empire France (Vassal coin).

*The Abbey of Tours minted Carolingian deniers since the 10th c., but they seem to have acquired prestige (together with a change in design from the classical temple to the Castle of Tours) during the 12th c.

province_modifier_gold_solidus_positive 2.4. Coin Effects

Anypdx-BaronyBarony without positive_modifiernegative_modifier coin modifiers will receive a province_modifier_no_coin_negative No Standard Coin modifier with maluses in pdx-Modifier_stewardship_negative  taxes andpdx-Modifier_county_development_negativedevelopment.

  • pdx-Holding_tribal Tribal holdings (but also non-Tribal holdings that suddenly lose a Standard Coin to icon-coin-bad-effectDebasement or coin_diesCounterfeit) will receive a province_modifier_barter_negative Barter Economy modifier, with even worse maluses. 

2.4.1. General Effects

icon_mint Issuing Mints include either:

  • For Independent rulers, or rulers withpdx-LawCoinage Rights: icon_royal_mint All Open Mints within their pdx-My_realm Realm.
  • In all other cases: only icon_royal_mint Open Mints with granted icon_grant_rightsMinting Rights within the Ruler’spdx-Domain Domain.

The icon-coin Issued Coin:

  • Will be struck in pdx-BaronyBaronies with icon_mintIssuing Mints. Holdings will receive:
    • coin_gold_solidus_king_4coin_silver_denarius_king_4Positive Province modifier*.
  • Will circulate in all pdx-County Counties within apdx-Duchy Duchy with at least 1 icon_mint Issuing Mint:
    • province_modifier_gold_solidus_positive Positive Province modifier*.

*The bonus or malus of these Coin modifiers are associated with the specific coin-type Coin Type struck, and their level is linked to the coin_purity_4 Coin Purity Level.

icon-coin-good-effect 2.4.2. Famed Coin

A icon-coin-good-effect Famed Coin is a coin_purity_4 High Purity coin establishing a Regional or Inter-Regional Standard, and whose circulation expands thus beyond the pdx-DuchyDuchies with an icon_mintIssuing Mint. Depending on the specific icon_gold_ingots_smallMetal and coin-type Coin Type struck, famed coins will expand their influence with specific  pdx-Modifier_stewardship_positivepdx-Modifier_stewardship_negativetax and pdx-Modifier_county_development_positivepdx-Modifier_county_development_negativedevelopment values marked by province_modifier_gold_solidus_positive Positive or province_modifier_gold_solidus_negativeNegative modifiers:

  • icon-coin-good-effect Regional Standards will affect:
    • trade-region The Trade Region of theRealm_capital-provinceCapital Province of the Issuing Ruler.
      • positive_modifier_star Positive modifier forpdx-County Counties within the same pdx-My_realm Realm.
      • negative_modifier Negative modifier forpdx-County Counties outside of the Issuer’spdx-My_realm Realm, provided they are of the same pdx-Faith Trade Religion.
  • icon-coin-good-effect-star Inter-Regional Standards will affect:
    • trade-region The Trade Region of theRealm_capital-provinceCapital Province of the Issuing Ruler.
      • positive_modifier_star Positive modifier forpdx-County Counties within the same pdx-My_realm Realm.
      • negative_modifier_star Increased Negative modifier forpdx-County Counties outside of the Issuer’spdx-My_realm Realm, provided they are of the same pdx-Faith Trade Religion.
        • negative_modifier Negative modifier for otherpdx-County Counties outside of the Issuer’spdx-My_realm Realm.
    • trade-region Neighboring Trade Regions (including neighbors by sea) of theRealm_capital-provinceCapital Province of the Issuing Ruler.
      • positive_modifier_star Positive modifier forpdx-County Counties within the same pdx-My_realm Realm.
      • negative_modifier Negative modifier forpdx-County Counties outside of the Issuer’spdx-My_realm Realm, provided they are of the same pdx-Faith Trade Religion.

After successful Issuances of coins the issuing ruler might receive a Trait  coinage_success_gold coinage_success_silver Coinage Success, with economic bonuses depending on the precious metal involved. This trait will be lost after any coin_purity_3-debase Coin Devaluation (be it through trade_badDepreciation or icon-coin-bad-effect Debasement).

coin_silver_bracteate_knight 2.4.3. Bracteates

coin_silver_bracteate_knight Silver Bacteates have special requirements and effects:

  • The ruler has to select an icon_royal_mint Open Mint has to struck the coin, either through a Decision event, or directly through abutton_set_royal_mint Holding Interaction in the barony.
  • A ruler can issue a maximum of 4 bracteates at the same time.
  • Bracteates will circulate in the whole pdx-Duchy Duchy of the icon_mint Issuing Mint:
    • The mintingpdx-Baronybarony will receive a province_modifier_silver_bracteate_positive positive modifier in terms of pdx-Modifier_stewardship_positive taxes and development.
    • All other pdx-Baronybaronies in the samepdx-Countycounty will not receive any modifier.
    • All otherpdx-Baronybaronies within the pdx-Duchy duchy will receive a province_modifier_silver_bracteate_negative negative modifier in terms of pdx-Modifier_stewardship_negative taxes, but positive indevelopment.
    • A pdx-Duchy Duchy can have a maximum of 4 circulating bracteates.
  • The Province will also receive a lesser modifier (province_modifier_silver_bracteate_0_positive positive and province_modifier_silver_bracteate_0_negative negative) when the Bracteate becomes coin_silver_bracteate_knight_0 Automatically Depreciated.

trade_bad 2.5. Depreciation

The events and effects regarding Depreciation of coins follow Oresme’s principles in De Moneta, as well as known events of the Middle Ages, as described e.g. in Spufford (1988).

coin_purity_4 2.5.1. Coin Purity & Coin Slots

The simple concept of coin_purity_4 Purity puts together the two main features of precious metal content that determines the value of a coin: fineness, and weight. Purity is handled in game with the concept of money Coin Slots equivalency, which in turn depends on the size of the coin:

PuritySmall CoinLarge Coin
coin_purity_0 Minimummoney 0.5 Slotsmoney 1 Slots
coin_purity_1 Poormoney 1 Slotsmoney 2 Slots
coin_purity_2 Mediocremoney 2 Slotsmoney 4 Slots
coin_purity_3 Regularmoney 3 Slotsmoney 6 Slots
coin_purity_4 Finemoney 4 Slotsmoney 8 Slots
icon-coin-good-effect Regional Standardmoney +2 Slotsmoney +4 Slots
icon-coin-good-effect-star Inter-Regional Standardmoney +2 or +3* Slotsmoney +4 or +6* Slots

All icon-coin coins circulating in a pdx-BaronyBarony occupy a number of money Coin Slots, depending on their size and purity. Coin Circulation is defined by:

  • pdx-BaronyProvince positive_modifier “Regional Coin” modifiers, applied within the pdx-Duchy Duchy of an icon_mintIssuing Mint: occupies the appropriate number of Coin Slots (see table above).
  • pdx-CountyCounty positive_modifier_star “Regional Famed Coin” modifiers, applied within the pdx-My_realm Realm of the issuing ruler: occupies an extra +2 (small) or +4 (large) Coin Slots.
  • pdx-CountyCounty negative_modifier “Foreign Famed Coin” modifiers, applied outside of the pdx-My_realm Realm of the issuing ruler: occupies an extra +2 (small) or +4 (large) Coin Slots.
  • pdx-CountyCounty  negative_modifier_star Increased* “Foreign Famed Coin” modifiers, applied outside of the pdx-My_realm Realm of the issuing ruler: occupies an extra +3 (small) or +6 (large) Coin Slots.

Precious metals flow through a holding as Traded metals, which include bullion (traded by weight) and coins (traded by their nominal value):

  • icon_gold_metal_traded Traded Gold flows in the form of Coins is shown as occupied icon_gold_coins Gold Coin Slots (read more on icon_gold_ingots_small Gold metal).
  • icon_silver_metal_traded Traded Silver flows in the form of Coins is shown as occupied icon_silver_coins Silver Coin Slots (read more on icon_silver_ingot_small Silver metal).
  • icon_copper_metal_tradedTraded Copper in the form of Coins is shown as occupied icon_copper_coins Copper Coin Slots (read more on icon_copper_smallCopper metal).
  • Occupied Coin Slots also include -10% of the County’s pdx-Task_develop_county Development, divided proportionally among the three Traded metals according to their respective flows. This represents the

money 2.5.2 Annual Updates

The number ofmoney Free Coin Slots of a pdx-Barony Barony is obtained by subtracting icon_gold_metal_traded Traded Metal  icon_gold_coins Occupied Coin Slots. If this number is negative, the icon-coin coins circulating in the pdx-Barony Barony have a market value greater than their nominal value, posing a great incentive for traders to clip or melt them. Their precious metal is then hoarded or sold by weight as a commodity, instead of used as a standard for trade: that leads to the natural depreciation of the coin.

Every year, all Rulers with icon-coin Coins in circulation are evaluated as follows:

  1. Better coins are evaluated first, following Oresme’s principle (also called Gresham’s law). That is, if two coins of the same size and metal are minted in the same icon_mintMinting Barony, the better one is more likely to be depreciated first.
  2. Larger coins are evaluated first, assuming smaller coins are preferred for trade. In other words, among competing coins of the same metal in a icon_mintMinting Barony (including those of the same ruler), larger ones are more likely to be depreciated first.

The Base icon_gold_metal_tradedAvailable Precious Metal for each specific Coin is evaluated as follows:

  1. All moneyFree Coin Slots of every pdx-Barony Barony with anicon_mintIssuing Mint are added up.
  2. The  Tier of a ruler improves the availability of Free Coin Slots, assuming that lower tiers get theirpdx-Icon_gold taxes proportionally more in product than in precious metal:
    • Has the titlee_byzantium Basileia Rhōmaiōn: +3
    • Has the title hre HRE: +1.5
    • pdx-EmpireEmpire tier: +1
    • pdx-KingdomKingdom tier: +0.5
    • pdx-DuchyDuchy tier: +0.25
    • pdx-CountyCounty tier: -0.25
    • pdx-BaronyBarony tier: -0.5
  3. pdx-My_realm Realm Size/250 (for comparison, 250 is the size of the whole HRE 1066, so the emperor would receive +1 in January 1066).
  4.  icon_mintNumber of Mints x 0.05 (for example, 10 Issuing Mints would give +0.5).
    1. If there is a icon_production_mint Mint Factory (currently only in Constantinople): +1

Certain factors work as (×) multipliers rather than additives, and can thus be essential in case of temporary precious metal famines:

  1. pdx-Administrative_court_1Master of the Mint court position, depending on aptitude (1-2-3-4-5): +2%4%6%8%10%
  2. pdx-Administrative_court_1Warden of the Mint court position, depending on aptitude (1-2-3-4-5): +3%6%9%12%15%
  3. pdx-Modifier_economy_negativeSigned Coin (assumed to please the network of moneyers): +10%
  4. crown Realm Crown Authority (1-2-3-4): 0 – 5%10%15%
  5. banned_foreign_coins Banned Foreign Coins: +30%

coin_balance_iconTrade Balance is added up last, so that a surplus can overcome a poor availability of icon_gold_metal_traded Traded Metals, but a deficit can drive them down:

  • From  icon_foodstuff_smallResources (depends on balance of payments):
    • Negative balance: -100% value (precious metals are exported to import the necessary resources).
    • Positive balance: +10% (not all local resources can be exported, and those that are exported could be part of a regional barter economy).
  • From pdx-Icon_gold Taxed sales (icon_slaves_smallslaves, pdx-Unit_light_cavalrywar animals, artifactartifacts): +100% added up.
  • From icon-technology Production: +100% added up.

The final evaluation compares the Ruler’s Total icon_gold_metal_tradedAvailable Precious Metal with the coin_purity_0 Minimum Number of Slots for coin survival (0.5 for small coins, 1 for large coins). If it is less than that number, the coin will be depreciated depending on the Coin coin_purity_4 Purity level or icon-coin-good-effect Fame (one of these cases):

  • icon-coin-good-effect-star Inter-Regional fame will be downgraded to icon-coin-good-effect Regional fame.
  • icon-coin-good-effect Regional fame will be removed.
  • coin_purity_3-debase Purity will be downgraded -1 level.
coin_silver_bracteate_knight_0 Bracteate Updates

Noticeably weaker than other coins, coin_silver_bracteate_knight Silver Bracteates have their own annual updates, plus an extra random one which sets an absolute maximum survival time:

  • They are evaluated after all other coins (their icon_silver_coins Silver Coin Slot occupation will always affect better Silver coins struck in the icon_mintIssuing Mint.).
  • money Free (Silver) Coin Slots are only evaluated in the pdx-Barony  barony of their associated icon_mintIssuing Mint.
  • The coin_purity_0 Minimum Number of Slots for survival during the annual evaluation is 0.25.
  • If the coin doesn’t pass the evaluation, it will be directly destroyed.
  • coin_silver_bracteate_knight_0 After a maximum of 5 years (random), the bracteate will be automatically depreciated, with lighter pdx-Modifier_stewardship_positive pdx-Modifier_stewardship_negative  character and pdx-Modifier_county_development_positivepdx-Modifier_county_development_negativeprovince modifiers.
    • 5 years after that, the bracteate will be automatically destroyed.

 2.6. Coin Decisions

icon-coin-bad-effect 2.6.1. Debasing a Coin

A ruler can decide to voluntarily icon-coin-bad-effect Debase a Coin, receiving quick and easy pdx-Icon_goldGold in exchange for a -1 coin_purity_3-debase Purity level, and a malus in pdx-Modifier_social_negative general opinion and pdx-Modifier_stewardship_negative stewardship.

  1. The Ruler must (all of these):
    1. Fulfill the same requirements as for the icon-coin Issue Coin decision.
    2. Have at least Level of Famepdx-prestige_level_2 Distinguished.
    3. Have an available character to interact with (at least one of these):
      1. pdx-steward_job Steward in the Council.
      2. pdx-Administrative_court_1Master of the Mint court position.
      3. pdx-Administrative_court_1Warden of the Mint court position.
  2. The Coin must (all of these):
    1. Be of coin_purity_2 Mediocre purity or higher.
    2. Not be Recently Issued (= not less than 4 years old).

The decision has a cooldown of 6 years.

Success has a random chance which can be influenced (from a min. 50:50 to a max. 90:10) depending on the following factors:

  • (+) pdx-StewardshipStewardship of pdx-steward_job Steward councillor, if available.
  • (+) Aptitude of pdx-Administrative_court_1Master of the Mint court positionn, if available.
  • (+) Aptitude of pdx-Administrative_court_1Warden of the Mint court position, if available.
  • () pdx-Modifier_economy_negative Renovatio Monetae modifier.
  • () pdx-Modifier_economy_negative Failed Renovatio Monetae modifier.

The effects of a pdx-generic_bad_effect Failed Debasement include:

  • Additional Loss of coin_purity_3-debase -1 Purity level.
  • Worse pdx-Modifier_economy_negative Debasement modifiers.
  • Less pdx-Icon_goldGold (part of it might go to those involved in the failed recoinage).
  • The ruler might receive the trait Coinage Failure, with additional economic penalties (it will be removed after any pdx-generic_good_effect successful coinage).
icon-coin-silver-bad-effect Renovatio Monetae

The character interactionicon-coin-silver-bad-effect Renovatio Monetae or Coin Renewal is a special type of debasement typical of Catholic Europe, with less penalties and better chances of success, but slightly different (usually stricter) requirements:

  1. coin_silver_denarius_emperor_catholic_hre_4The coin must be a Silver Denier (small silver coin):
    1. At least coin_purity_1 Low purity (that is, any circulating coin).
    2. Not be Recently Issued (= not less than 4 years old).
    3. Must not have taken the interaction icon-coin-silver-bad-effect Renovatio Monetae on this coin in the past 5 years.
    4. Must not have taken the decision icon-coin-bad-effect Debasement on this coin in the past 6 years.
  2. The Issuing Ruler must:
    1. Fulfill the same requirements as for the icon-coin Issue Coin decision.
    2. pdx-Administrative_court_1Have a Master of the Mint to interact with.
    3. pdx-DuchyHave a Duchy or higher tier rank.
    4. Have an pdx-crown_authority_3Absolute Crown Authority.
      1. If taken the banned_foreign_coins  Banned Foreign Coins decision, at least pdx-crown_authority_2High Crown Authority.
    5. Have pdx-Religion_catholicismCatholic faith.
    6. Have the High Medieval Civic Innovation  pdx-Innovation_nobility_01 Banking.
    7. Have a pdx-Icon_prestige_01 Major Prestige Value (≈350).
    8. Not have the Coinage Failure trait.
    9. Realm_capital-provinceCapital Province with an appropriate trade-region Trade Region or pdx-Titles Region (one of these):
      1. trade-region England.
      2. pdx-Titles Germania.
      3. trade-region Scandinavia.
      4. trade-region Poland.
      5. trade-region Hungary.
      6. trade-region Baltic (historically the Teutonic Order).
      7. Or have as Primary Title (assuming thecoin_silver_denarius_emperor_catholic_hre_4Carolingian Empire and heir kingdoms could do it, too):
        1. pdx-Kingdom Kingdom of France.
        2. pdx-Empire Empire of France.
        3. pdx-Kingdom Kingdom of Italy.
        4. pdx-Empire Empire of Italy.

banned_foreign_coins 2.6.2. Banning Foreign Coins

The Decision to banned_foreign_coins Ban Foreign Coins can be taken at a major cost in pdx-Icon_gold Gold and pdx-Icon_prestige_01 Prestige, by fulfilling all of these:

  1. Independent ruler.
  2. Neitherpdx-tribal_government Tribal nor pdx-clan_government Clan government.
  3. Not pdx-Declare_war_interactionat war.
  4. pdx-Kingdom At least Kingdom tier.
  5. Is Available for Coinage.
  6. Has at least one icon_royal_mint Open Mint.
  7. Have at least pdx-crown_authority_2 High Crown Authority.
    1. If primary title is the pdx-KingdomKingdom of England, at least pdx-crown_authority_1Limited Crown Authority.

The effects of the decision will include:

  • negative_modifiernegative_modifier_star Foreign Famed Coins in thepdx-My_realmRealm :
    • Removal of current modifiers.
    • Avoiding the effect of future modifiers.
  • icon-coin-smallIssued Coins:
    • If any:
      • Potential upgrade of 1 coin_purity_4 High Purity coin, obtaining a icon-coin-good-effect Fame trait associated with it.
    • If none (or loses all coins once the decision has been taken):
      • no_coinage_king_absoluteNo Coinage trait depending on their Tier, with worse modifier values than the equivalent no_coinage_king No Coinage trait.