Copper Mines
Northern Europe
Falene (Dalabergslagen) – Falun mines
Falene (Falun) · High Medieval · 150% · Scandinavia · Catholic.
Germania
By 12th c. Goslar known as well for copper as for silver; by the 13th c., only known for its copper
Goslar (Rammelsberg) · High Medieval · 150% · Germania · Catholic.
Central-East Europe
Banská Bystrica (mid-13th c. onwards), near Kremnica. Due to Vanilla selection, this is located in the actual Kremnica site…
Komorcbanya (Banská) · Late Medieval · 100% · Central-East Europe · Catholic.
Iberia & Maghreb
Copper sulfide extracted from Rio Tinto and exported into the Muslim world (includes Saltés 12th-13th c.). “Of best variety” according to eastern Muslim sources [cf. Constable 1994]
Niebla (Río Tinto) · Early Medieval · 100% · Iberia (Muslim) · Muwalladi.
Kutama copper exported to Ifriqiyya, central Morocco, Sus al-Aqsa. 11th-12th c. references [Morony 2019]
Ikjan (Kutama) · High Medieval · 100% · Africa · Ash’ari.
Byzantium
Northern Troodos foothills were a continous source of Copper [Pounds 1994]
Soli (Troodos) · High Medieval · 100% · Byzantium · Orthodox.
Important Copper mine in Ottoman period, dated much earlier (Ca14: 1230-1260 c.)
Castamon (Kastamon) · Late Medieval · 100% · Byzantium · Orthodox.
Middle East
Wadi al-Jizzi, Arabian center worked 6th c. until at least 12th c. Peaked 9th-10th c. (Includes other Omani sites, like ʿArja) [Morony 2019]
Sohar (al-Jizzi) · Early Medieval · 100% · Egypt · Ash’ari.
Persia
Sardan copper mine, exported to other regions. Mentioned in the 10th c. [Morony 2019]
Lurijan (Sardan) · Early Medieval · 50% · Persia · Ash’ari.
For “eastern part of the Nurata range in Soghdia” exploited 9th-12th c. (it includes the Farghanah 10th c. and Kuram range) [Morony 2019]
Panjikand (Osrusana) · High Medieval · 100% · Persia · Ash’ari.
India
For Rajasthan mines [Raychaudhuri & Habib 1982]
Sakarai (Rajasthan) · High Medieval · 100% · India (North) · Svetambara.